2's Complement

The most common method of representing signed integers. Designates the most significant byte to be the negative version of itself. Is also equivalent to 1’s Complement + 1. Replaces Signed Magnitude Method

Computing Negative Numbers

Its a rather simple process

1. we have a positive number
2. flip each bit’s polarity
3. Add one to the flipped value
4. Solve
5. The final negative value is

Converting Unsigned to Signed

Simply Add $(+1)$ to the unsigned number, but ensure the sum is the same bit-width.